GLOW-IN-THE-DARK PLANTS

Glowing plants - as seen in the seemingly fantastical flora of the 2009 film Avatar - are no longer just a special effect. Molecular biologist Alexander Krichevsky, of St Louis biotech company Bioglow, has developed the Starlight Avatar, a genetically modified tobacco plant that glows in the dark.

''There are no naturally occurring glowing/bioluminescent plants in nature,'' Krichevsky says. ''While there are a number of various glowing species - fireflies, glow worms, glowing fish etc, there are no glowing plants. Starlight Avatar is the first one.''

He says that ostensibly ''bioluminescent'' plants have existed for about 20 years, mostly for research purposes.

''These plants, however, needed to be sprayed with chemicals to achieve a temporary and very weak glowing effect, or be illuminated by UV lights,'' he says, noting that the light emitted by such plants is often not visible to the human eye and must be observed with special cameras.

''Starlight Avatar … glows on its own (no chemicals or UV lights needed) and is visible to a human eye with minimal adaptation time. The light emission is integral and natural to the plant, same as it is for fireflies, and will continue through plant's life cycle and from generation to generation.''

The Starlight Avatar was developed from an ornamental species of tobacco plant that, when modified using genetic material from glowing marine bacteria, autonomously produces a dim ambient glow that Krichevsky said is reminiscent of starlight (although its bluish-green hue is not the most flattering to the human complexion).

Bioglow's website says while the plant took years of research, the company plans to continue working to increase light output and hopes to develop warmer yellow and red-toned light that would ostensibly be more suitable for home use, as well as perhaps one day creating flowers whose petals would glow in different colours than the plant's leaves, or plants that could light up to signal changes in pollution levels or other environmental stressors.

Bioglow is not the only company developing this kind of technology. A recent Kickstarter campaign that inspired backers with the poetic promise of glow-in-the-dark greenery raised $484,000 (substantially more than its $65,000 goal) to develop seeds for glow-in-the-dark plants, sparking a controversial debate about the risks of dispersing genetically modified seeds to the public at large. That led Kickstarter to amend its rules to include the stipulation that ''projects cannot offer genetically modified organisms as a reward''

Krichevsky said Bioglow is holding an online auction of 20 Starlight Avatar plants for those in the US who are curious about seeing the luminescent wonders for themselves. A green thumb might come especially in handy here since, at this early stage, the Starlight Avatar is suited only to indoor use and has a lifespan of two to three months, shorter than your average eco-bulb.